Essentialism: This is more of a teacher-centered approach. The essentialist believes in that schools need to teach essential material as well as enforce hard work and mental discipline. They also want to teach cultural heritage and develop skills so students can be good citizens.
Behaviorist: A behaviorist believes that by carefully regulating the classroom environment the teacher can heavily influence the behavior of the students. The classroom environment has to be heavily organized and the curriculum is based on behavior objectives. Reinforcement is critical for a behaviorist.
Positivism: This focuses on empirical verification. They also state and identify what the students need to learn and master. Students are encouraged to practice and recite what is to be learned. This can also be done using different forms of media.
Progressivism: This emphasizes ideas that all ideas should be tested by experimentation. Also learning is student driven by having the learning process rooted in students' questions. They emphasize how to think instead of what to think. Education is extremely experience orientated.
Humanism: This educational philosophy focuses on the innate goodness of the individual. It does not use group-orientated education, but instead focuses on the individual. Students are encouraged to make their own choices and teachers base instruction and education based on students' interests.
Constructivism: This educational philosophy emphasizes personal hands on activity-based learning. This encourages a variety of different learning techniques. Constructivism focuses on problem based learning.
Perennialism: They focus on ideas that are everlasting to teach truths that are constant and never change. Its focus is that students find these truths by reasoning and revelation. Analyzing the work of histories finest thinkers and writers does this and it is also extremely teacher centered.
Reconstructionism: This philosophy addresses social questions and it also strives to create a better society. The curriculum is focused on social reform. It deals with many different important social issues that occur in societies.
I am not sure which one I really connect with most, but there are parts of some that I really agree with. For example, I really do think that the physical environment in which students learn greatly affect them. Learning is optimal when a student is comfortable. I also really agree with the progressivist notion of teaching student how to think instead of what to think. Treating the student like an individual is also important which coincides with humanism. Hand on activities and different learning techniques are also really important.
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